【时讯】2013年MBA联考英语真题完善版

giventheadvantageofelectronicmoney，youmightthinkthatweshouldmovequicklytothecashlessocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronis atruecashlessocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.indeed，predictions have been2_ fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.for er businessweekpredictedin 1975 thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery3_ ofmoneyitself”是only to4_ itselfsever

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2. a off b back c over d around

3. a power b history c concept d sole

4.areversebresistcresumedreward

5. a silent b slow c sudden d steady

英语2阅读原文和来源:

text 1

in an essay，entitled “making it in america，”in the latest issue of the atlantic， theauthoradamdavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:theaveragemillhasonltw o “amanandadog.themanistheretofeedthedog，andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines”。

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemployment comestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseofthegreatrecesion，butisalsobecauseofthequantumadvancesinbothglobalization

in the past，workers with average skills，doing an average job，could earn an average life style.but，today， averageisofficiallyover.beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.it can’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreacesto HMoreabb ，cheap robotics，cheap software，cheapautomationandcheapgenius.therefore everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontribus

yes，newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever，and always will. as they say，if horses could have voted， thereneverwouldhavebeencars.but there’sbeenanacceleration.asdavidsonnotes，“in the 10 years ending in 2009”，[ u.s.. ] factoriesshes roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared。

and you ain’tseennothin’yet.last April，annielowreyofslatewroteaboutastart-up called“ELA carte”thatisouttoshrinktheneeedforwaie akindofsouped-upipadthatletsyouorderandpayrightatyourtable.thebrainchildofabunchofm.I.t.engineers，the nifty invention known mightbefoundatarestaurantnearyousoon ... youselectwhatyouwanttoeatandadditemstoacart.dependingontherestaurant’sprefencect thect nalinformation，ingredientslistsandphotographs.youcanmakespecialrequests like ' dressingontheside ' or ' quintuple bacon.' when you the order zings over to the kitchen，andtheprestotellsyouhowlongitwilltakeforyouritemstocomeout .. boredwithyourcompanions？ playgamesonthemachine.when you’rethroughwithyourmeal，you pay on the console， splittingthebillitembyitemifyouwishandpayinghoweveryouwant.andyoucanhaveyourreceipte-mailed to you .. eachconsolegoesfor $ permor seighthoursaday、seven days a week、itworksoutto 42 centsperhourpertable—makingtheprestochapepe”

whattheipadwon’tdoinanaboveaveragewayachineseworkerwill.considerthisparagraphfromsunday’sterrificarticleinthetimesbharay higi pledoessomuchofitsmanufacturinginchina :“applehadredesignedtheiphone’sscreenatthelastminute”。 forcinganassembly-line overhaul.newscreensbeganarrivingatthe [ Chinese ] plantnearmidnight.aforemanimmediatelyroused 8， 00 workersinsidethecompany’sdormitories， accordingtotheexecutive.eachemployeewasgivenabiscuitandacupoftea guidedtoaworkstationandwithinhalfanhourstarteda 12-hourshiftff ledframes.within 96 hours theplantwasproducingover 10，000 iphones aday .‘thespeedandflexibilityisbreathtaking，’theexecutivesaid .。

andautomationisnotjustcomingtomanufacturing，explains curtis carlson， thechiefexecutiveofsriinternational asiliconvalleyidealabthatinventedtheappleiphoneprogramknownassiri， thedigitalpersonalassistant.' siriisthebeginningofahugetransformationinhowweinteractwithbanks，insurance companies，retasl healte

therewillalwaysbechange-new Jobs、new products、new Services.buttheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationande thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.herearethelatestunemploymentratesform buu Americans over 25 years old:thosewithlessthanahighschooldegree，13.8 percent； thosewithahighschooldegreeandnocollege，8.7 percent； thosewithsomecollegeorassociatedegree，7.7 percent； andthosewithbachelor’sdegreeorhigher，4.1 percent。

inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover、therearemanythingsweneedtodotobuttressemployment、 butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofg.I.bill forth e21 stcenturythatensuresthateveryamericanhasaccesstopost-butt

亚当·戴维森( adam davidson )的一篇题为《在美国制造》的文章讲述了南部棉地区的笑话。 文案与现代纺织厂自动化的程度有关。 现在的一般工厂只有两名员工。 “一个人在体外放狗。 人负责养狗，狗不要靠近机器。 ”。

我们的失业率为什么高，中产阶级的收入为什么下降，其实是因为大衰退引起的控诉大幅度减少了。 其中也有全球化和新闻科学技术革命的巨大进步的推进:机器和外国工人代替劳动力的速度是前所未有的。 最近很多文案都在讨论这些，戴维森的文案只是其中之一。

以前，如果有普通的技术，做普通的工作，工人的生活会有所改善。 但是，现在不能有正常的水平。 不出众就不能像过去那样生活。 因为现在更多的雇主有机会接触到好的外国廉价劳动力、廉价机器人、廉价软件、廉价自动化设备、低价人才。 因此，每个人都需要另一个价值。 与普通人不同的独特价值可以在各自的就业市场上卓越。 能平庸生活的时代结束了。

是的，新技术正在吞噬我们的工作。 将来也会继续被吞噬。 而且吞噬的速度在加快。 俗话说，只要马能投票，轿车就永远没有。 正如戴维森所说，“到2009年的10年间，美国工厂的工人速度很快，几乎等于过去70年增加的工人数量。 大致每三个岗位就有一个岗位消失，一共约600多万人。 ”。

还有游览呢。 去年4月，slate杂志的安妮·洛雷( annie lowrey )写了初创企业e la carte的复印件，以减轻服务员的需要。 这家企业说:“生产增强版的ipad，可以在桌子边订购和购买。 很快你可能会在身边的餐厅看到这家麻省理工学院的工程师们的杰作，流行的发明presto。 你可以选择想吃的东西放在推车里。 根据餐厅的选择，控制设备会显示营养新闻、成分列表、照片等。 也有“把调味料放在身边”和“5倍培根”等具体的申诉。 你决定后，订单马上传到厨房，presto会告诉你点的东西能出来多久。 你等得不耐烦了吗？ 那我们用ipad玩游戏吧。 吃完饭后，可以用控制装置支付。 如果需要，您可以使用蔬菜田分割发票支付，也可以选择支付方法。 你也可以要求邮寄收据。 采用各种控制设备每月需要100美元。 餐厅每天营业8小时，每周营业7天的话，餐桌每小时的价格只有42美分。 因为这个presto比最便宜的服务员便宜。 ”。

ipad不能用超常的方法。 中国工人会的。 让我看看查尔斯·杜夫和基斯？ 布拉德舍( keith bradsher )星期天在本报(纽约时报)的美文中叙述了苹果企业为什么在中国设置那么多生产环节。 “最后一刻，苹果公司重新设计了iphone的画面。 因为这条装配线需要所有的调整。 半夜左右，新屏幕开始到达中国工厂。 据这位执行官说，一位领导很快就叫醒了企业宿舍的8000名工人。 饼干和茶一个接一个地收到后，被带到一个工厂，在30分钟内开始12小时的交替，在倾斜框架上安装了玻璃画面。 96小时后，这个工厂每天可以生产1万台iphone.‘。 “这个速度和灵活性令人瞠目结舌”这个执行官说:“在美国找不到这样的工厂。” “”

自动化不仅仅是生产行业，硅谷科技企业孵化器斯坦福国际研究院( sriinternational )的CEO柯蒂斯·卡尔森( curtiscarlson )说。 这家企业发明了苹果iphone的个人数字助理服务siri方案。 “siri在改变与银行、保险企业、零售店、医疗机构、新闻检索服务企业和产品生产企业的关系方面，只是这一重大变化的开始。 ”。

变化总是存在的，会出现新员工、新产品和新服务。 但是，随着全球化和科学技术的进步，最好的工作让工人接受越来越多的高质量教育，我确信他们比普通人优秀。 以下是美国劳动局对美国25岁以上人的最新失业率统计:没有高中学历的失业率为13.8%； 有高中学历，但没有大学学历的占8.7%； 拥有大学或短期大学学历的人占7.7%； 只有4.1%的人拥有学士学位以上的学位。

在庸人不能再生存的时代，促进我们应该就业的事件有很多，但没有比通过退伍军人权利法等法案更重要的了。 只有这样，才能保证21世纪的各个美国都能接受高中以后的教育。

text 2

imagine a new immigration policy

a century ago、 theimmigrantsfromacrosstheatlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.alongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheunitess t tiontostay，andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.between 1908 and 1915， about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2million departed.aboutaquarterofallitalianimmigrants，for example， eventuallyreturnedtoitalyforgood.theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname，" uccelli di passaggio，" birds of passage。

today，wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.wepidenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal，goodorbad.wehailthemasamericanss orbrandthemasaliensfitfordeportation.thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparlar

we don't need more categories，butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillega wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage，thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchalenges。

crop pickers，violinists，construction workers，entrepreneurs，engineers， home health-careaidesandparticlephysicistsareamongtoday ' sbirdsofpassage.theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydevies loow moneyandideas.theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanther

with or without permission，they straddle laws，jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.weneedthemtoimaginetheunitedstatesaplacewheres ngthemselvestostayingforever.weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably。

imaginelifewitharadicallydifferentimmigrationpolicy:thejamaicanwhocameasavisitorandwaslookingafteryourauntilshedical:image ldtrylivingincanadaforawhile.youcouldeventuallyaskhertocomebacktocareforyourmother。

theindiansoftwaredevelopercouldtakesomeofhissiliconvalleyearningshometojoinfriendsinalittlestart-up， knowingthathecouldalwaysworkincaliforniaagain.orthemexicanlaborerwhobustshisbackonawisconsindairyfarmforwagesthatkepmilkch eaph causehecoulddecidewhichdairytoworkfor，andabi-nationalbankprogramwashelpinghimsavemoneytobula

accomodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.lookingbeyondtheculturewar ICC gupthemiddlegroundandurstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleandmultiplecoutoolol ( icofrightom includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem。

anewsystemthatencouragesbothsojournersandsettlerswouldnotonlyhelpensurethatoursocietyreceivesthehumanresourcesitwillnedinthethe nednedithehethe)(anews future，italsocouldhaveanaddedbenefit:changingtherigidframeworkmighthelpusresolvethestatusoftheestimate

currently wedonotdograyzoneswell.hundredsofthousandsofpeopleslosharoundinindeterminatestatusbecausethey ' recaughtinbureaucration antedtemporarystaysthatarerepeatedlyextended.presidentbarackobamacreatedapalershadeofgraythissummerbyxection gprosecutorialdise ngpeoplewhowerebroughttothiscountryillegalyaschildren.buttheseareexceptions，ont

thebasicmechanismforlegalimmigrationtoday，apartfromthespecialcategoryofrefugee，isthelegalpermanentresidentvisa， or green card.mostrecipientsarepeoplesponsoredbycloserelativeswholiveintheunitedstates.asthenameimplies， thismechanismisdesignedforimmigrantswhoaresettlingdown.thevisacanberevokediftheholderdoesnotshow " intenttoremain " by omain " the goingabroadtoworkfulltimeorjusttravelingindefinitely.legalresidentsareassumedtobeontheirwaytobecomingamericans， physically culturalyandlegally.afterfiveyearsoflivinghere，theybecomeeligibleforcitizenshipandachancetogainvotingrightsandfully

thisisafinewaytodealwithpeoplewhoarrivewithdeepconnectionstothecountryandwhoresolvetostay.thatcanandshouldbemostimmigrants。 butthismechanismhastwoproblems:thenationisnotpreparedtooffercitizenshiptoeverymigrantwhoisofferedajob.andnoteveryonewhocomo

itmayhaveoncemadesensetothinkofimmigrantsassodbusterswhowerecomingtosettleemptyspaces.butthatantiquereasoningdoesnotaplywhey t a long，steepracetoremaincompetitiveintheworldeconomy，particularlynotwheninnovationandentrepreneurshiparesupposedtobeourcompary

thechallengesdifferdependingonwhetheryouarelookingatthehighendoftheskillsspectrum，theinformationworkersoratlow-skiledlobabor

afrequentproposalforhighlyskilledworkerscomeswiththeslogan， " stapleagreencardtothediploma." thatissupposedtoensurethatagreatershareofbrainyinternationalstudentsremainintheunitedstes " erer technology.butwhatiftheyarenotreadyforalong-term commitment？ nonewouldsuggestthatinvestmentcapitalordesignprocessesneedtoresidepermanentlyinonenation.talenttodayearnstobeequalymobile athe ungpeoplefromAbroadtostayhere、weshouldallowthemtothinkoftheunitedstatesaplacewheretheycanalwaysreturn、a place where they will of their lives，oneofseveralplaceswheretheycanliveandworkandinvest。

temporary-workerprogramsareaconventionalapproachtomeetinglow-skilledlaborneedswithoutillegalimmigration.that ' swhatperses USS sayingthegovernmentshould " matchwillingforeignworkerswithwillingamericanemployers." animmigrantcomestodoaparticularjobfor Perion tsuchprogramsriskreplacingonekindofrigiditywithanother.therelativelysmallprogramscurentinlin

competingdomesticworkersneedtobeprotected，as do the migrant workers， andtheprocessmustbenimbleenoughtomeetlabormarketdemand.nobodyrealyhaspulledthatoff， andthereisnoreasontobelieveitcanbedoneonagrandscale.ratherthantryingtolinkspecificmigrantstospecificjobs， differenttypesoftemporaryworkvisascouldbepeggedtoindustries，toplacesortotimeperiods.youcouldgetanengineringvisa，notnoly

both short-termvisasandpermanentresidenceneedtobepartofthemix，buttheyarenotthewholeanswer.anothervaluabletoolistheprovisiona whichaustraliausesasakindofintermediarystageinwhichtemporaryimmigrantsspendseveralyearsbeforebecomingeligibleforpermanentrdisis callyobligesvisitorstospendtimeherewithoutauthorizationwhenthey ' vemarriedacitizen，gotenJobodr

wealsocouldborrowfromeuropeandcreatelong-termpermissiontoresideforcertainmigrantsthatiscontingentonsimplybeingemployed， not on having a specific job. and， legislationcouldloosenthedefinitionsofpermanentresidencysothatmigrantscouldgainalifetimerighttoliveandworkintheunitedstateswit

theideathatnewcomersareeithersaintsorsinnersisnotwrittenindeliblyeitherinourheartsorinourlaws.asthesizeoftheunauthorizedpou law yearsorso，thepoliticalresponsehasdictatedseeingimmigrationpolicythroughthestarklensoflawenforcement

whom do we lock up，kick out，fence off？ prominentpoliticiansofbothparties，includingbothpresidentialcandidates， haveengagedinmachoone-upmanshipwhenitcomestoimgries presidentobamabrokerecordsfordeportations.mittromney，meanwhile，vowstobry

breaking out of the either/ ormentalityopensupmanyavenuesformanagingfutureimmigration.itcouldalsohelpbreakthestalemateoverthecurrentpopulationofunathoron twillproduceacongressthatoffersapathtocitizenshipforeverybody，butthereisnosupportfortotaldeportiation

ifweacceptthattherearespacesbetweenlegalandillegal，then options multiply。

citizenshipcouldbeaneventualoutcomeformost，not all，people here illegally， buteveryonewouldgetsomekindofpapers andwecanengineerawayforpeopletoworktheirwayfromonestatustoanother.thenewlyarrivedandleastas us fora limitedtimeandreceivehelpwithreturningtotheirhomecountries.othersmightbeofferedlife-longprivilegestoliveandworkhere， butnotcitizenship.we ' dgivethefullestwelcometothosewithomes，children or long time jobs。

byinsistingthatimmigrantsareeitheramericansoraliens是wemakeitharderforsomegoodfolkstocomeandweobligeotherstostayforthewrongre weensurethattherewillalwaysbepeoplelivingamonguswhoareoutsidethelaw，and that is not good for them or us。

text 3

beyond the blink

whenthesupremecourtannounceditsdecisionontheaffordablecareactlastmonth， themediawentwild.therushtojudgmenttookseconds.cnnandfoxnewsinitialydescribedthedecisionincorectly， sayingfivejusticeshadstruckdownthelaw.evenaftercorrections，thesnapanalysisthatfollowedwasn’tveryhelpful.themultipartdecisis

theblinkresponsetothiscaseisonlythelatestexampleofatroublingincreaseinthespeedofourreactions.e-mail， social media and the 24-hournewscycleareinformationalamphetamines， acocktailofpillsthatwepopatanincreasinglyfastpace-andthatleadustomakemistakensplit-second decisions.economistslabelhepore

财富， thereisanantidote:theconsciouspause.scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions ifwetakeamomentandthinkaboute wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick，hard-wiredrespoport

for example，countlesstudieshaveshownthatphysicians’immediate， unconsciousreactionstoracialminoritiesleadthemtoundertreatblackpatients.inonestudypublishedinthejournalofgeneralinternaldiment researchersaskedseveralhundreddoctorsaboutahypothetical 50-year-oldmalepatientwhoshowedupwithchestpain.theresearchersgave s A PP 半saw him as black。

sure enough，althoughthedoctorsinsistedtheywerenotracialybiased，theyweremorelikelytoprescribethrombolysis， an anti-blood-clotting procedure，for the white patient，whilegivingtheblackpatientaless-aggressive prescription.thedoctorsdidn。 yettheirunconscioussnapreactionsledthemtotreatblacksdifferently-theverydefinitionofracism。

however， aboutoneinfourofthedoctorsguessedthatthestudywasdesignedtotestracialbias.theystoppedforamomentandconsideredhowtheymightac tdiff theresearchersfoundthatthis“aware”subgroupdidnottreatpatientsdifferently.oncetheypaustoco。 her race was an issue，race was no longer an issue。

snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms； ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous，ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly， within milliseconds.butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable， studies show we need at least a minute，preferably five.ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality， likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.ifweneedtounderstandhowninejusticesresolvedadifficultlegalissue，we need even more time。

butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapid， evensubliminalstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.sanforddevoeandchen-bhzo psychologistsattheuniversityoftoronto， foundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread 20 percent faster eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.w tfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesinthathation relse we’redoing.subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothing

在yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseahappyface ( onereasongoasd )中 srepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling )， wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants， asastudybytheeconomistsbradleyruffleandze’evshtudinershows，wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases―orhireoutsidescreners

john gottman，Themarriagegurumadefamousinmalcolmgladwell’s best-selling book“Blink”， “explainsthatwequickly“thin slice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thick sliced”long-term study anreale ewillstaytogether，heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:two days，ntot

ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:primatesanddogscanthinkaboutthefutureonly min thistoricalywehavespentabout 12 percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm。

thebeginningofsummerissupposedtobethetimeforustoslowdownandtakeabreath.gotothebeachwithafewbooks.spenddowntimewithfamiy。 tune out.butinsteadofjumpingintotheswimmingpool，wehaveleaptintoawhirlpoolofnews。

still，althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact，it hasn’tchangedournature.westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetempe

frankpartnoyisalawprofessorattheuniversityofsandiegoandtheauthorof“wait:theartandscienceofdelay”。

text 4

scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions，ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact，wecanreduceors

46 .英语二译

icanpickadatefromthepast 53 yearsandknowinstantlywhereiwas，whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek，I’vebenabletodhitho

ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawaynely .。 henithinkofasadmemory.idowhateverybodydoes-trytoputittooneside.id on’t think it’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclerate werff sanymoreacuteorvivid.icanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessifeltwhenwewentthethehehehehesthehehesthe。 pitalthedaybefore.ialsorememberthatthemusicalplayhairopenedonbroodwayonthesameday-theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway。

47 writing

supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.writeyourclassmatesanemailto

1) inform them about the details and

2 ) encouragethemtoparticipate 100 wordsuseliming.don ' twriteyouraddress。

48 writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting，you should

(1)interpret the chart、and

(2)give your comments

you should write about 150 words。

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